However, ectopic complementation is difficult in NHEJ-deficient strains, and the gene will preferably integrate via homologous recombination at its endogenous locus. Here, an intact copy of the gene is transformed back to the mutant, where it should integrate ectopically into the genome. To verify that the mutant phenotype observed is the result of a gene deletion, a complementation approach has to be performed. For example, deletion of the ku70 homologous gene kusA in Aspergillus niger resulted in a recipient strain in which deletions of essential or non-essential genes can efficiently be obtained. Index.Mutants with a defective non-homologous-end-joining (NHEJ) pathway have boosted functional genomics in filamentous fungi as they are very efficient recipient strains for gene-targeting approaches, achieving homologous recombination frequencies up to 100%. Bennett, Appendix C: Genetic Coding Conventions. Tingey, Appendix A: Genetic Analysis with RAPD Markers. van den Hondel, Heterologous Gene Expression in Filamentous Fungi. Skatrud, Molecular Biology of the *gb-Lactam-Producing Fungi.
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